If you have not already done so, download a free program called stellarium.
From that you can learn more about the constellations and where and when to see them. It also gives some info on stars and galaxies.
As far the solar system goes, not much has changed. We have 8 planets and a Sun.
I might suggest you take a look at the documentaries by Professor Brian Cox called "The planets", very informative and up to date.
It recently aired on BBC 2
Here is a link to one.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source= ... 0405376182
For galaxies and other deep sky there are plenty of good websites, NASA, Sinbad are but a few.
Like I said, Google is your friend.
A program like Stellarium should have the basic info and you can research more from there.
Books will have the latest available info at the time of going to press.
The more recent the book the more likely it is to be up to date.
If there are specific questions you have, feel free to ask on the forums. We are always willing to help where we can.